Calcium, is a supple gray alkaline earth metal, which is the fifth most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. Calcium is also at the fifth most profuse dissolved ion in seawater by both molarities and mass. Calcium is a significant nutrient that we require in our bodies. It has many imperative functions. It helps getting strong teeth and bones and is involved in muscle contractions and blood clotting, The calcium is mainly stored in our teeth and bones. Low calcium level may lead to the bone fractures and in some cases porous bones or osteoporosis, generally in old age. The intake of calcium can drop down the high blood pressure, maintain your heart functions, avert gum disease, prevent colon and rectum cancer, and help blood to clot.

Calcium HMB (ß-Hydroxy ß-methylbutyric acid) is a metabolite of the essential amino acid leucine. It is naturally produced in human body and small quantities can also be found in grapefruit, alfalfa, and catfish. Calcium HMB is used as a supplement because research has shown it to Increase sarcolemmal integrity via conversion to HMG-CoA and to enhance protein synthesis. It also helps in depression of protein degradation through inhibition of the ubiquitin pathway. Calcium HMB is proved to help muscle formulation so it is given to patients with HIV or AIDS and trauma victims with severe injuries. It is also used in treatment of cancer.

Creatine Monohydrate- Creatine is a naturally occurring compound that is formed in the various organs of the body, such as the pancreas, kidneys and the liver. Through the bloodstream it is transported to the muscles in the body. Creatine helps in building lean muscle mass and is extremely important to people who are into body building. Creatine monohydrate is a well known supplement that is used by a large number of athletes. Creatine monohydrate also has the ability to release the reserves of energy stored in the muscular tissues, thereby making it extremely important to athletes. Creatine, however, does have side effects that can cause cramps in the stomach, vomiting and dehydration, due to its ability to draw out water from the cells in the muscular tissue.

Folic Acid is an essential water soluble vitamin. Though folic acid is needed for all age groups, folic acid supplements is necessary for aging people, pregnant women, smokers, women on oral contraceptives and heavy alcohol drinkers as their body have difficulty in absorbing folic acid through food. Folic acid has many vital functions to perform in our body. It helps in preventing heart disease, stroke, and may help prevent cervical, lung and colon cancer and helps in maturation of red blood cells. It’s recommended that pregnant women take folic acid supplementation through out pregnancy as it helps prevent premature delivery, low birth weight and fetal growth retardation. It may also help reduce the risk of renal disease in children and is necessary for fertility in both women and men. Some studies suggest that there is a relationship between folic acid and allergic diseases and depression. It also reduces risk of bone fractures, osteoporosis and helps prevent rheumatoid arthritis. It increases lipolysis and may help in preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes. In a study conducted it increased the short-term memory, mental agility and verbal fluency of people who consumed folic acid supplements (800mgs) daily. Folic acid supplements are also used to relieve hot flushes in postmenopausal women and helps correct anemia caused by vitamin B 12 deficiencies.

L-Glutamine- Found in plasma and muscles of the human body, L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid. In the skeletal muscle cells, more than 60% of free floating amino acid is made of L-Glutamine. It acts as the primary donor of nitrogen and moves in the body wherever required. This amino acid has been considered useful in reducing physical stress. During surgery or heavy exercise regime the human body needs it for maintaining the level of glutamine in muscles and blood. It is also essential for maintenance of immune system and prevention of intestinal stress. Glutamine supplements can help in restoring L-Glutamine levels during stress. L-Glutamine supplements are relatively less expensive and help in minimizing the breakdown of muscles. It also improves the metabolism of protein in the human body and ensures a positive balance of nitrogen.

Niacin is a vitamin that wards against pellagra, a disease characterized by a vitamin B3 deficiency. Niacin is made from pyridine and is often called vitamin B3 or nicotinamide, because they all three have similar formulas. Niacin and nicotinamide are comparable in make up, but only niacin works to lower cholesterol levels. The restoration of DNA is also known to be a positive side effect of taking niacin. A fairly large number of individuals, particularly those in third world countries or those suffering from alcoholism, have been shown to be lacking in niacin. Niacin is often taken as a supplement by those with high cholesterol levels, as it has been proven to lower “bad” cholesterol and raise “good” cholesterol.

Pantothenic Acid also known as B5 is a natural, inexpensive and safe form of curing acne. It is free from all negative side effects. It is best suited for people with oily skin as it stops the overproduction of oil within our body. It converts the carbohydrates and fats into energy effectively when synthesized with other Vitamin B. Additionally it also helps your body produce red blood cells and metabolizes fats. It plays a significant role in reducing physical and mental stress because it works along with the stress hormone producing adrenal gland. Pantothenic acid is present in all kinds of food and therefore our body gets sufficient amount of it. As it is impossible for our body to become deficient in pantothenic acid, there is no recommended daily amount of it. Eggs, whole grains and milk contain panthothenic acid in large numbers.

Riboflavin, also called Vitamin B2, is naturally manufactured by the body. Riboflavin is needed for the proper use of oxygen and amino acids, carbohydrates and fatty acids. Riboflavin is also utilized by Vitamin B6 in the body and is used to manufacture niacin. Riboflavin is especially needed when eating large amounts of protein.

Taurine is an organic acid which is one of the primary ingredients of bile, found in the lower intestine as well as in small amounts in the tissues. Taurine is an important element as it is required for fat digestion through the emulsification of dietary fats. It is also needed for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins as well as the control of cholesterol serum levels. Taurine is also needed for the proper use of sodium, calcium and potassium in the body. Cell membrane integrity is also maintained with the help of taurine. Apart from these, research has shown that taurine can be very helpful in managing anxiety, hyperactivity, reduced brain functioning etc. Studies have also revealed that along with zinc, taurine is essential for proper vision. In case of a taurine deficiency there is vision impairment along with problems with fat metabolism, however since the body can synthesize the minimum amount of taurine required, this is a rarity.

Thiamine, also called Vitamin B1 or Thiamin, is needed to help the body utilize energy from proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Thiamine is commonly found in breads and cereals. Thiamine is water-soluble and is concentrated in muscle tissue as it passes thru the body.

Vitamin B12- Also called Riboflavin, B2 is a water absorbed vitamin of which the body must replenish its supplies each day as it cannot be stored. It is necessary for the production of red blood cells and, like the other B vitamins, it works at supporting it supports energy production by helping in the metabolism of various foods.B2 is required for healthy skin as well as hair growth, the nails and has a role in regulating the activity of the thyroid gland. It is also necessary in order that the body can process amino acids found in proteins and fats and to activate vitamin B6 and folic acid.

Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble member of the vitamin B complex. It exists in thre forms and often occurs in nature as a mixture of these three forms. Vitamin B6 is involved in protein, fat, and sugar metabolism.

Vitamin C- The essential nutrient L-ascorbic acid, or rather Vitamin C, is necessary for a wide plethora of metabolic reactions in almost all living beings. In humans, Vitamin C is vital in the collagen synthesis. While most beings are able to make it internally, apes and humans cannot. Interestingly enough, while widely promoted as the best dietary source of Vitamin C, Oranges are dwarfed by the Kakadu plum, which has sixty times the amount. Prominent are rose hips, blackcurrant, red peppers, parsley, the kiwifruit, broccoli, redcurrant, several berries including strawberries and raspberries, as well as more exotic fruits and vegetables like Camu Camu, acerola, seabuckthorn, Indian gooseberry, jujube, guava and baobab. Tomatoes, while very popular Vitamin C source in the US, are very low on the Vitamin C scale.

Vitamin E, an anti-oxidant nutrient, neutralizes free radicals in the human body to prevent cell damage. This fat-soluble vitamin not only aids the formation of red blood cells but also helps in the absorption of vitamins A, C and K. It is also very helpful to fight various ailments. Since the human body cannot produce vitamin E on its own; it has to be incorporated in our daily diet. This can be done either by consuming foods that are rich in vitamin E or by taking vitamin E supplements. The RDA for adult males is 10 mg. while 8 mg. is the daily requirement for adult females. Expecting and nursing women should compulsorily take 10 mg. of vitamin E supplements. Vitamin E supplements are most effective when consumed with food.